If nozzle diameter doubles, the gallons per minute increases according to which relation in the given formula?

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Prepare for the Apparatus Operator/Pumper Test. Utilize flashcards and multiple-choice queries, complete with hints and explanations. Ensure success on your exam!

Multiple Choice

If nozzle diameter doubles, the gallons per minute increases according to which relation in the given formula?

Explanation:
When the driving pressure is held constant, the amount of water that can flow through a circular nozzle depends primarily on the opening area. The area of a circle scales with the square of the diameter (A = πd^2/4), so doubling the diameter makes the opening four times larger. Since the discharge rate (GPM) is proportional to that area (for a given ΔP and nozzle characteristics), the GPM increases with the square of the diameter. Therefore, doubling the nozzle diameter results in about four times the GPM. This is why the relationship is GPM ∝ d^2.

When the driving pressure is held constant, the amount of water that can flow through a circular nozzle depends primarily on the opening area. The area of a circle scales with the square of the diameter (A = πd^2/4), so doubling the diameter makes the opening four times larger. Since the discharge rate (GPM) is proportional to that area (for a given ΔP and nozzle characteristics), the GPM increases with the square of the diameter. Therefore, doubling the nozzle diameter results in about four times the GPM. This is why the relationship is GPM ∝ d^2.

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